Vertex API

Vertex REST API: Create, query, update, and delete vertex data in the graph with support for batch operations and conditional filtering.

2.1 Vertex

In vertex types, the Id strategy determines the type of the vertex Id, with the corresponding relationships as follows:

Vertex ID strategies
Id_Strategy	id type
AUTOMATIC	number
PRIMARY_KEY	string
CUSTOMIZE_STRING	string
CUSTOMIZE_NUMBER	number
CUSTOMIZE_UUID	uuid

For the GET/PUT/DELETE API of a vertex, the id part in the URL should be passed as the id value with type information. This type information is indicated by whether the JSON string is enclosed in quotes, meaning:

When the id type is number, the id in the URL is without quotes, for example: xxx/vertices/123456.
When the id type is string, the id in the URL is enclosed in quotes, for example: xxx/vertices/"123456".

The next example requires first creating the graph schema from the following groovy script

schema.propertyKey("name").asText().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("age").asInt().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("city").asText().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("weight").asDouble().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("lang").asText().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("price").asDouble().ifNotExist().create();
schema.propertyKey("hobby").asText().valueList().ifNotExist().create();

schema.vertexLabel("person").properties("name", "age", "city", "weight", "hobby").primaryKeys("name").nullableKeys("age", "city", "weight", "hobby").ifNotExist().create();
schema.vertexLabel("software").properties("name", "lang", "price").primaryKeys("name").nullableKeys("lang", "price").ifNotExist().create();

schema.indexLabel("personByAge").onV("person").by("age").range().ifNotExist().create();

2.1.1 Create a vertex

Method & Url

POST http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices

Request Body

{
    "label": "person",
    "properties": {
        "name": "marko",
        "age": 29
    }
}

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "id": "1:marko",
    "label": "person",
    "type": "vertex",
    "properties": {
        "name": "marko",
        "age": 29
    }
}

2.1.2 Create multiple vertices

Method & Url

POST http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/batch

Request Body

[
    {
        "label": "person",
        "properties": {
            "name": "marko",
            "age": 29
        }
    },
    {
        "label": "software",
        "properties": {
            "name": "ripple",
            "lang": "java",
            "price": 199
        }
    }
]

Response Status

Response Body

[
    "1:marko",
    "2:ripple"
]

2.1.3 Update vertex properties

Method & Url

PUT http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/"1:marko"?action=append

Request Body

{
    "label": "person",
    "properties": {
        "age": 30,
        "city": "Beijing"
    }
}

Note: There are three categories for property values: single, set, and list. If it is single, it means adding or updating the property value. If it is set or list, it means appending the property value.

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "id": "1:marko",
    "label": "person",
    "type": "vertex",
    "properties": {
        "name": "marko",
        "age": 30,
        "city": "Beijing"
    }
}

2.1.4 Batch Update Vertex Properties

Function Description

Batch update properties of vertices and support various update strategies, including:

SUM: Numeric accumulation
BIGGER: Take the larger value between two numbers/dates
SMALLER: Take the smaller value between two numbers/dates
UNION: Take the union of set properties
INTERSECTION: Take the intersection of set properties
APPEND: Append elements to list properties
ELIMINATE: Remove elements from list/set properties
OVERRIDE: Override existing properties, if the new property is null, the old property is still used

Assuming the original vertex and properties are:

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "id": "2:lop",
            "label": "software",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "lop",
                "lang": "java",
                "price": 328
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "1:josh",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "josh",
                "age": 32,
                "city": "Beijing",
                "weight": 0.1,
                "hobby": [
                    "reading",
                    "football"
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

Add vertices with the following command:

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{"label":"person","properties":{"name":"josh","age":32,"city":"Beijing","weight":0.1,"hobby":["reading","football"]}},{"label":"software","properties":{"name":"lop","lang":"java","price":328}}]' http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/batch

Method & Url

PUT http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/batch

Request Body

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "label": "software",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "lop",
                "lang": "c++",
                "price": 299
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "josh",
                "city": "Shanghai",
                "weight": 0.2,
                "hobby": [
                    "swimming"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "update_strategies": {
        "price": "BIGGER",
        "age": "OVERRIDE",
        "city": "OVERRIDE",
        "weight": "SUM",
        "hobby": "UNION"
    },
    "create_if_not_exist": true
}

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "id": "2:lop",
            "label": "software",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "lop",
                "lang": "c++",
                "price": 328
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "1:josh",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "josh",
                "age": 32,
                "city": "Shanghai",
                "weight": 0.3,
                "hobby": [
                    "reading",
                    "football",
                    "swimming"
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

Result Analysis:

The lang property does not specify an update strategy and is directly overwritten by the new value, regardless of whether the new value is null.
The price property specifies the BIGGER update strategy. The old property value is 328, and the new property value is 299, so the old property value of 328 is retained.
The age property specifies the OVERRIDE update strategy, but the new property value does not include age, which is equivalent to age being null. Therefore, the original property value of 32 is still retained.
The city property also specifies the OVERRIDE update strategy, and the new property value is not null, so it overrides the old value.
The weight property specifies the SUM update strategy. The old property value is 0.1, and the new property value is 0.2. The final value is 0.3.
The hobby property (cardinality is Set) specifies the UNION update strategy, so the new value is taken as the union with the old value.

The usage of other update strategies can be inferred in a similar manner and will not be further elaborated.

2.1.5 Delete Vertex Properties

Method & Url

PUT http://127.0.0.1:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/"1:marko"?action=eliminate

Request Body

{
    "label": "person",
    "properties": {
        "city": "Beijing"
    }
}

Note: Here, the properties (keys and all values) will be directly deleted, regardless of whether the property values are single, set, or list.

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "id": "1:marko",
    "label": "person",
    "type": "vertex",
    "properties": {
        "name": "marko",
        "age": 30
    }
}

2.1.6 Get Vertices that Meet the Criteria

Params

label: Vertex type
properties: Property key-value pairs (precondition: indexes are created for property queries)
keep_start_p: Default is false. When set to true, the range matching input expression will not be automatically escaped. For example, properties={"age":"P.gt(18)"} will be interpreted as an exact match, i.e., the age property is equal to the string “P.gt(18)”
offset: Offset, default is 0
limit: Maximum number of results, default is 100
page: Page number

All of the above parameters are optional. page can not be combined with a non-zero offset, everything else can be combined in any way.

Property key-value pairs consist of the property name and value in JSON format. Multiple property key-value pairs are allowed as query conditions. The property value supports exact matching, range matching, and fuzzy matching. For exact matching, use the format properties={"age":29}, for range matching, use the format properties={"age":"P.gt(29)"}, and for fuzzy matching, use the format properties={"city": "P.textcontains("ChengDu China")}. The following expressions are supported for range matching:

Expression	Explanation
P.eq(number)	Vertices with property value equal to `number`
P.neq(number)	Vertices with property value not equal to `number`
P.lt(number)	Vertices with property value less than `number`
P.lte(number)	Vertices with property value less than or equal to `number`
P.gt(number)	Vertices with property value greater than `number`
P.gte(number)	Vertices with property value greater than or equal to `number`
P.between(number1,number2)	Vertices with property value greater than or equal to `number1` and less than `number2`
P.inside(number1,number2)	Vertices with property value greater than `number1` and less than `number2`
P.outside(number1,number2)	Vertices with property value less than `number1` and greater than `number2`
P.within(value1,value2,value3,…)	Vertices with property value equal to any of the given `values`

Query all vertices with age 29 and label person

Method & Url

GET http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices?label=person&properties={"age":29}&limit=1

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "id": "1:marko",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "marko",
                "age": 30
            }
        }
    ]
}

Paginate through all vertices, retrieve the first page (page without parameter value), limited to 3 records

Add vertices with the following command:

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{"label":"person","properties":{"name":"peter","age":29,"city":"Shanghai"}},{"label":"person","properties":{"name":"vadas","age":27,"city":"Hongkong"}}]' http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/batch

Method & Url

GET http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices?page&limit=3

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "id": "2:lop",
            "label": "software",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "lop",
                "lang": "c++",
                "price": 328
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "1:josh",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "josh",
                "age": 32,
                "city": "Shanghai",
                "weight": 0.3,
                "hobby": [
                    "reading",
                    "football",
                    "swimming"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "1:marko",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "marko",
                "age": 30
            }
        }
    ],
    "page": "CIYxOnBldGVyAAAAAAAAAAM="
}

The returned body contains information about the page number of the next page, "page": "CIYxOnBldGVyAAAAAAAAAAM". When querying the next page, assign this value to the page parameter.

Paginate and retrieve all vertices, including the next page (passing the page value returned from the previous page), limited to 3 items.

Method & Url

GET http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices?page=CIYxOnBldGVyAAAAAAAAAAM=&limit=3

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "vertices": [
        {
            "id": "1:peter",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "peter",
                "age": 29,
                "city": "Shanghai"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "1:vadas",
            "label": "person",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "vadas",
                "age": 27,
                "city": "Hongkong"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "2:ripple",
            "label": "software",
            "type": "vertex",
            "properties": {
                "name": "ripple",
                "lang": "java",
                "price": 199
            }
        }
    ],
    "page": null
}

At this point, "page": null indicates that there are no more pages available. (Note: When using Cassandra as the backend for performance reasons, if the returned page happens to be the last page, the page value may not be empty. When requesting the next page using that page value, it will return empty data and page = null. The same applies to other similar situations.)

2.1.7 Retrieve Vertex by ID

Method & Url

GET http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/"1:marko"

Response Status

Response Body

{
    "id": "1:marko",
    "label": "person",
    "type": "vertex",
    "properties": {
        "name": "marko",
        "age": 30
    }
}

2.1.8 Delete Vertex by ID

Params

label: Vertex type, optional parameter

Delete the vertex based on ID only.

Method & Url

DELETE http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/"1:marko"

Response Status

Delete Vertex by Label+ID

When deleting a vertex by specifying both the Label parameter and the ID, it generally offers better performance compared to deleting by ID alone.

Method & Url

DELETE http://localhost:8080/graphspaces/DEFAULT/graphs/hugegraph/graph/vertices/"1:marko"?label=person