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Gremlin-Console

Gremlin-Console 是由 Tinkerpop 自己开发的一个交互式客户端,用户可以使用该客户端对 Graph 做各种操作,主要有两种使用模式:

  • 单机离线调用模式
  • Client/Server 请求模式

1 单机离线调用模式

由于 lib 目录下已经包含了 HugeCore 的 jar 包,且 HugeGraph 已经作为插件注册到 Console 中,用户可以直接写 groovy 脚本调用 HugeGraph-Core 的代码,然后交由 Gremlin-Console 内的解析引擎执行,就能在不启动 Server 的情况下操作图。

这种模式便于用户快速上手体验,但是不适合大量数据插入和查询的场景。下面给一个示例:

在 script 目录下有一个示例脚本 example.groovy:

 1import org.apache.hugegraph.HugeFactory
 2import org.apache.hugegraph.backend.id.IdGenerator
 3import org.apache.hugegraph.dist.RegisterUtil
 4import org.apache.hugegraph.type.define.NodeRole
 5import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T
 6
 7RegisterUtil.registerRocksDB()
 8
 9conf = "conf/graphs/hugegraph.properties"
10graph = HugeFactory.open(conf)
11graph.serverStarted(IdGenerator.of("server-tinkerpop"), NodeRole.MASTER)
12schema = graph.schema()
13
14schema.propertyKey("name").asText().ifNotExist().create()
15schema.propertyKey("age").asInt().ifNotExist().create()
16schema.propertyKey("city").asText().ifNotExist().create()
17schema.propertyKey("weight").asDouble().ifNotExist().create()
18schema.propertyKey("lang").asText().ifNotExist().create()
19schema.propertyKey("date").asText().ifNotExist().create()
20schema.propertyKey("price").asInt().ifNotExist().create()
21
22schema.vertexLabel("person").properties("name", "age", "city").primaryKeys("name").ifNotExist().create()
23schema.vertexLabel("software").properties("name", "lang", "price").primaryKeys("name").ifNotExist().create()
24schema.indexLabel("personByCity").onV("person").by("city").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
25schema.indexLabel("personByAgeAndCity").onV("person").by("age", "city").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
26schema.indexLabel("softwareByPrice").onV("software").by("price").range().ifNotExist().create()
27schema.edgeLabel("knows").sourceLabel("person").targetLabel("person").properties("date", "weight").ifNotExist().create()
28schema.edgeLabel("created").sourceLabel("person").targetLabel("software").properties("date", "weight").ifNotExist().create()
29schema.indexLabel("createdByDate").onE("created").by("date").secondary().ifNotExist().create()
30schema.indexLabel("createdByWeight").onE("created").by("weight").range().ifNotExist().create()
31schema.indexLabel("knowsByWeight").onE("knows").by("weight").range().ifNotExist().create()
32
33marko = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "marko", "age", 29, "city", "Beijing")
34vadas = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "vadas", "age", 27, "city", "Hongkong")
35lop = graph.addVertex(T.label, "software", "name", "lop", "lang", "java", "price", 328)
36josh = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "josh", "age", 32, "city", "Beijing")
37ripple = graph.addVertex(T.label, "software", "name", "ripple", "lang", "java", "price", 199)
38peter = graph.addVertex(T.label, "person", "name", "peter", "age", 35, "city", "Shanghai")
39
40marko.addEdge("knows", vadas, "date", "20160110", "weight", 0.5)
41marko.addEdge("knows", josh, "date", "20130220", "weight", 1.0)
42marko.addEdge("created", lop, "date", "20171210", "weight", 0.4)
43josh.addEdge("created", lop, "date", "20091111", "weight", 0.4)
44josh.addEdge("created", ripple, "date", "20171210", "weight", 1.0)
45peter.addEdge("created", lop, "date", "20170324", "weight", 0.2)
46
47graph.tx().commit()
48
49g = graph.traversal()
50
51System.out.println(">>>> query all vertices: size=" + g.V().toList().size())
52System.out.println(">>>> query all edges: size=" + g.E().toList().size())

其实这一段 groovy 脚本几乎就是 Java 代码,不同之处仅在于变量的定义可以不写类型声明,以及每一行末尾的分号可以去掉。

g.V() 是获取所有的顶点,g.E() 是获取所有的边,toList() 是把结果存到一个 List 中,参考 TinkerPop Terminal Steps。

下面进入 gremlin-console,并传入该脚本令其执行:

 1> ./bin/gremlin-console.sh -- -i scripts/example.groovy
 2
 3         \,,,/
 4         (o o)
 5-----oOOo-(3)-oOOo-----
 6plugin activated: HugeGraph
 7plugin activated: tinkerpop.server
 8plugin activated: tinkerpop.utilities
 9plugin activated: tinkerpop.tinkergraph
10main dict load finished, time elapsed 644 ms
11model load finished, time elapsed 35 ms.
12>>>> query all vertices: size=6
13>>>> query all edges: size=6
14gremlin> 

这里的 -- 会被 getopts 解析为最后一个 option,这样后面的 options 就可以传入 Gremlin-Console 进行处理了。-i 代表 Execute the specified script and leave the console open on completion,更多的选项可以参考 Gremlin-Console 的源代码。

可以看到,插入了 6 个顶点、6 条边,并查询出来了。进入 console 之后,还可继续输入 groovy 语句对图做操作:

 1gremlin> g.V()
 2==>v[2:lop]
 3==>v[1:josh]
 4==>v[1:marko]
 5==>v[1:peter]
 6==>v[1:vadas]
 7==>v[2:ripple]
 8gremlin> g.E()
 9==>e[S1:josh>2>>S2:lop][1:josh-created->2:lop]
10==>e[S1:josh>2>>S2:ripple][1:josh-created->2:ripple]
11==>e[S1:marko>1>>S1:josh][1:marko-knows->1:josh]
12==>e[S1:marko>1>>S1:vadas][1:marko-knows->1:vadas]
13==>e[S1:marko>2>>S2:lop][1:marko-created->2:lop]
14==>e[S1:peter>2>>S2:lop][1:peter-created->2:lop]
15gremlin> 

更多的 Gremlin 语句请参考 Tinkerpop 官网。

2 Client/Server 请求模式

因为 Gremlin-Console 只能通过 WebSocket 连接 HugeGraph-Server,默认 HugeGraph-Server 是对外提供 HTTP 连接的,所以先修改 gremlin-server 的配置。

注意:将连接方式修改为 WebSocket 后,HugeGraph-Client、HugeGraph-Loader、HugeGraph-Hubble 等配套工具都不能使用了。

1# vim conf/gremlin-server.yaml
2# ......
3# If you want to start gremlin-server for gremlin-console (web-socket),
4# please change `HttpChannelizer` to `WebSocketChannelizer` or comment this line.
5channelizer: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.channel.HttpChannelizer
6# ......

将 channelizer: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.channel.HttpChannelizer 修改成 channelizer: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.server.channel.WebSocketChannelizer 或直接注释,然后按照步骤启动 HugegraphServer。

下面进入 gremlin-console:

1> ./bin/gremlin-console.sh
2
3         \,,,/
4         (o o)
5-----oOOo-(3)-oOOo-----
6plugin activated: HugeGraph
7plugin activated: tinkerpop.server
8plugin activated: tinkerpop.utilities
9plugin activated: tinkerpop.tinkergraph

连接 server,需在配置文件中指定连接参数,在 conf 目录下有一个默认的 remote.yaml:

 1# cat conf/remote.yaml
 2hosts: [localhost]
 3port: 8182
 4serializer: {
 5  className: org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.driver.ser.GraphSONMessageSerializerV1d0,
 6  config: {
 7    serializeResultToString: false,
 8    ioRegistries: [org.apache.hugegraph.io.HugeGraphIoRegistry]
 9  }
10}
1gremlin> :remote connect tinkerpop.server conf/remote.yaml
2==>Configured localhost/127.0.0.1:8182

连接成功之后,如果在启动 HugeGraphServer 的过程中导入了示例图 example.groovy,就可以在 console 中直接进行查询

1gremlin> :> hugegraph.traversal().V()
2==>[id:2:lop,label:software,type:vertex,properties:[name:lop,lang:java,price:328]]
3==>[id:1:josh,label:person,type:vertex,properties:[name:josh,age:32,city:Beijing]]
4==>[id:1:marko,label:person,type:vertex,properties:[name:marko,age:29,city:Beijing]]
5==>[id:1:peter,label:person,type:vertex,properties:[name:peter,age:35,city:Shanghai]]
6==>[id:1:vadas,label:person,type:vertex,properties:[name:vadas,age:27,city:Hongkong]]
7==>[id:2:ripple,label:software,type:vertex,properties:[name:ripple,lang:java,price:199]]

注意:在 Client/Server 模式下,所有和 Server 有关的操作都要加上 :> ,如果不加,表示在 console 本地操作。

还可以把多条语句放在一个字符串变量中,然后一次性发给 Server:

 1gremlin> script = """
 2......1> graph = hugegraph;
 3......2> g = graph.traversal();
 4......3> g.V().toList().size();
 5......4> """
 6==>
 7graph = hugegraph;
 8g = graph.traversal();
 9g.V().toList().size();
10
11gremlin> :> @script
12==>6
13gremlin> 

更多关于 gremlin-console 的使用,请参考 Tinkerpop 官网